Yámana People

The Yámana or Yaghan (1 fluent speaker remains, Cristina Calderón died 2022) were the southernmost indigenous people on Earth, inhabiting Tierra del Fuego and Cape Horn islands. They endured extreme cold (0-10°C), constant storms, and sub-Antarctic maritime conditions. Living mostly naked with animal fat insulation, traveling in bark canoes, and maintaining complex language with subtle vocabulary, they represented humanity's adaptation to the very edge of the habitable world.