Mapuche-Pehuenche People
The Pehuenche (approximately 10,000-15,000) are a Mapuche subgroup inhabiting the Andean volcanic regions of Chile and Argentina at 1,000-2,500 meters. They live among active volcanoes including Lonquimay and Llaima, enduring earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, ash fall, and harsh mountain winters. Their name means "people of the pehuén (Araucaria pine)," reflecting dependence on piñon nuts. Traditional resistance culture, volcanic landscape adaptation, and araucaria forest knowledge define this resilient mountain people.