Kalahari San
The Kalahari San or Bushmen (various groups, ~100,000 total) inhabit the Kalahari Desert across Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa. They endure extreme heat (45°C+), scarce water (<250mm annual rainfall), and harsh desert conditions. Ancient hunter-gatherer traditions spanning 20,000+ years, sophisticated tracking skills, click languages, and tsamma melon water extraction characterize humanity's oldest continuous culture adapting to desert extremes.